手术治疗主要用于去除瘤灶，达到治疗的目的，同时也适用于癌症的预防、诊断、 分期、术后结构重建与功能康复等。这种方法不存在生物抵抗性；无潜在致癌可能； 不受肿瘤差异性影响；能提供准确的病理分期及组织学类型；适用于大部分未扩散 的肿瘤。但是会破坏正常组织；可有手术并发症，可致畸形、影响正常功能，甚至 危及生命；已有转移者，不能完全治愈；重要器官无法彻底切除。

癌症是多种因素长期共同作用引发的基因异常疾病。当机体受到环境中的化学、物理、病毒等致癌物质的影响，和/或因自身遗传、内分泌、性别、年龄等因素的作用时，可发生一系列基因异常改变，形成恶性肿瘤。

A mutation during the error-correcting machinery of the mobile might lead to that mobile and its youngsters to accumulate faults extra rapidly.

若红细胞、血红蛋白降低，提示有贫血，需要及时纠正；若白细胞显著升高，提示患者并发感染；若血液中有大量幼稚白细胞，提示可能有白血病。

观察患者有无局部肿块，明确其位置、边界、质地、颜色、疼痛性、活动性等情况。

中医治疗癌症在我国由来已久，常用治法包括扶正培本法、清热解毒法、活血化瘀法、软坚散结法。

Radiation on the breast lessens the power of that breast to make milk and enhances the chance of mastitis. Also, when chemotherapy is presented soon after beginning, many of the medication appear in breast milk, which could hurt the child.[271]

癌症多采用综合治疗，以外科手术、化疗、放疗相结合为主，有需要者可结合靶向治疗、生物治疗等方法，以提高预后。

减少接触室外和室内空气污染，包括氡（一种由铀的自然衰变产生的放射性气体，可能在建筑物中，住宅、学校和工作场所积累）。

Palliative treatment can be baffled with hospice and thus only indicated when people solution conclusion of existence. Like hospice treatment, palliative care tries to help you the affected person cope with their immediate demands and to improve consolation.

Taller individuals have a heightened hazard of most cancers given that they have far more cells than shorter folks. Considering that height is genetically identified to a considerable extent, taller people have a heritable boost in cancer hazard.[88]

Cure is usually similar to for non-pregnant women. 癌症 Having said that, radiation and radioactive medicine are Typically prevented for the duration of pregnancy, especially if the fetal dose could exceed 100 cGy. Sometimes, some or all treatment options are postponed until soon after start If your cancer is diagnosed late from the pregnancy.

疼痛。尽管不是所有癌症都会引起疼痛，但癌症或癌症治疗会引起疼痛。药物和其他方法可以有效地治疗癌性疼痛。

神经毒性：中枢神经损伤会有偏瘫、失语、痴呆等症状，外周神经损伤有肢端感觉异常、肌无力、肌肉萎缩等表现。